Nonlinear model predictive control of variable speed hydropower for provision of fast frequency reserves

This paper presents the development of a nonlinear model predictive controller (MPC) for controlling variable speed hydropower (VSHP) plants. The MPC coordinates turbine with virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control power electronics converter to optimize plant’s performance. main objective is deliver fast response frequency deviations by utilizing kinetic energy and generator. made possible allowing rotational deviate temporarily from its optimal speed. In addition, efficiency should be maximized while keeping electric hydraulic variables within their constraints. simulation results show that proposed also able damp oscillations in grid, reduce water hammering penstock improve estimation head, flow. ensures head does not exceed limits overshoot after disturbance reduced. Besides, VSG enables Thereby, VSHP can provide significant amount reserves (FFR) grid.